Media Reaction Essay Example for Free

Media Reaction Essay Introduction The media reaction to immigration problem in the United States is as diverse as the cultures and people it impacts. While there does exist some common public and political views there is also factual information which could alter those positions. The media piece, discussed here, found on the website: Los Angeles Times Politics.. This paper will use the media format to address the questions on the media reaction toward immigration. What is the historical framework on this issue? On March 26, 2009, Sen. Richard Durbin introduced the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Acts of 2009, known as the DREAM Act. What is the political content of this issue? The DREAM Act is a bill that was reintroduced within the U. S. in 2011. According to Wikipedia (2013), â€Å"The DREAM Act is the latest issue in Immigration Reform. The DREAM Act is the Development Relief and Education for Alien Minor Act changed the lives of illegal immigrants. The DREAM Act extended price cuts for in-state college tuition and speeded up the citizenship process. † Conditional Permanent Residency allowed an individual to work, drive, and travel aboard for long periods, up to 365 days in total for six years. What message does the media piece attempt to portray? Per the article, the Republicans were against the DREAM Act wanting to deport the immigrants back to where they came from. What message does the media piece attempt to convey? Was the media coverage biased or unbiased? Was the issue sensationalized or portrayed objectively? How might the media coverage effect the public perception of the issue? Does encourage or discourage prejudice, discrimination or stereotyping? The article attempts to provide perspective which addressed both the concerns and different views of the DREAM Act immigration issue in the United State. The coverage present here was bias and portrayed objectively. Carol P. Harvey, â€Å"The exploration of the immigration policy and reform is a volatile and complicated issue socially, politically, and legally. â€Å"This media presentation reinforced that with it media representation of the â€Å"DREAM Act,† proposed by the Democratic Congress and opposed by their Republican counterpart. † â€Å"It further present arguments that Obama’s program, done by executive action, does not give such immigrants legal status but it at least protects them from deportation from two years. Amendment sponsor Steve King, is a strident opponent of relaxing U. S. immigration law. He said any changes to U. S. policy should be enacted by Congress, not orchestrated by the present. † (Mascaro, 2013). If you were a manager affected by this issue and its media coverage, what inclusion strategies from this week’s reading might you implement to moderate the media’s effect on your employees and to promote inclusion in the workplace? As a manager I would include all workers in the workplace. If the worker is undocumented or not, while in the work environment by law all workers are to be treated equally and fairly. The globalization of the work place, and the diversity it brings has all employees thinking of themselves as more than just an American, as such I cannot and should not take any action or allow any which maybe discriminatory or prejudicial in nature. I would uphold all the laws and policies of the company and until told otherwise, I would treat all employees on the presumption that I or the company did not â€Å"knowingly† higher an undocumented worker.

The Modigliani-Miller Proposition I Theory (MM I)

The Modigliani-Miller Proposition I Theory (MM I) 1. Introduction According to many research of corporation finance, the capital structure decision is one of the most fundamental issues facing to the executives and management level. The corporate finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analysis used to make these decisions. The discipline as a whole may be divided among long-term and short-term decisions and techniques with the primary goal being maximizing corporate value while managing the firms financial risks. Capital investment decisions are long-term choices that investment with equity or debt, and the short-term decisions deals with the balance of current assets and current liabilities which is managing cash, inventories, and short-term borrowing and lending. Corporate finance can be defined as the theory, process and techniques that corporations use to make the investing, financing and dividend decisions that ultimately contribute to maximizing corporate value.Thu s, a corporation will first decide in which projects to invest, then it will figure out how to finance them, and finally, it will decide how much money, if any, to give back to the owners. All these three dimensions which are investing, financing and distributing dividends are interrelated and mutually dependent. The capital structure of a company refers to a combination of debt, preferred stock, and common stock of finance that it uses to fund its long-term financing. Equity and debt capital are the two major sources of long-term funds for a firm. The theory of capital structure is closely related to the firms cost of capital. As the enterprises to obtain funds need to pay some costs, the cost of capital in the investment activities is also the main consideration of rate of return. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) is the expected rate of return on the market value of all of the firms securities. WACC depends on the mix of different securities in the capital structure; a change in the mix of different securities in the capital structure will cause a change in the WACC. Thus, there will be a mix of different securities in the capital structure at which WACC will be the least. The decision regarding the capital structure is based on the objective of achieving the maximization of shar eholders wealth. With regard to the capital structure of the theoretical basis, most well-known theory is Modigliani-Miller theorem of Franco Modigliani and Merton H.Miller (1958 and 1963). Yet the seeming simple question as to how firms should best finance their fixed assets remains a contentious issue. 2. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I The Modigliani-Miller Proposition I Theory (MM I) states that under a certain market price process, in the absence of taxes, no transaction costs, no asymmetric information and in an perfect market, the cost of capital and the value of the firm are not affected by the changed in capital structure. The firms value is determined by its real assets, not by the securities it issues. In other words, capital structure decisions are irrelevant as long as the firms investment decisions are taken as given. The Modigliani and Miller (1958) explained the theorem was originally proven under the assumption of no taxes. It is made up of two propositions that are (i) the overall cost of capital and the value of the firm are independent of the capital structure. The total market value of the firm is given by capitalizing the expected net operating income by the rate appropriate for that risk class. (ii) The financial risk increase with more debt content in the capital structure. As a result, cost of equity increases in a manner to offset exactly the low cost advantage of debt. Hence, overall cost of capital remains the same. The assumptions of the MM theory are: 1. There is a perfect capital market. Capital markets are perfect when investors are free to buy and sell securities investors can trade without restrictions and can borrow or lend funds on the same terms as the firms do investors behave rationally investors have an equal access to all relevant information capital markets are efficient no costs of financial distress and liquidation there are no taxes 2. Firms can be classified into homogeneous business risk classes. All the firms in the same risk class will have the same degree of financial risk. 3. All investors have the same view for the investment, profits and dividends in the future; they have the same expectation of a firms net operating income. 4. The dividend payout ration is 100%, which means there are no retained earnings. In the absence of tax world, base on MM Proposition I, the value of the firm is unaffected by its capital structure. In other words, regardless of whether a company has liabilities, the total risk of its securities holders will not change even the capital structure is changed. As the weighted average cost of capital unchanged, so must the same as the total value of the company. That is VL = VU = EBIT/ requity where VL is the value of a levered firm = price of buying a firm that is composed of some mix of debt and equity, VU is the value of an unlevered firm = price of buying a firm composed only of equity and EBIT is earnings before interest and tax. Whether or not the company has loans or the loans for high or low, investors are all accessible through the following two kinds of investment on their own to create the desired type of earning. 1. direct invested in the companys stock borrowing 2. if shares of levered firms are priced too high, investors will try to take advantage of borrowing on their own and use the money to buy shares in unlevered firms. The use of debt by the investors is known as homemade leverage. The investors of homemade leverage can obtain the same return as the levered firms, therefore, for investors; the value of the firm is not affected by debt-equity mix. The MM Proposition I assumptions are quite unrealistic, there have some implications, (i) Capital structure is irrelevant to shareholder wealth maximization. (ii) The value of the firm is determined by the firms capital budgeting decisions. (iii) Increasing the extent to which a firm relies on debt increases both the risk and the expected return to equity but not the price per share. (iv) Milton Harris and Artur Raviv (1991) illustrated the asymmetric information that firm managers or insiders are assumed to possess private information about the characteristics of the firms return stream or investment opportunities. They will know more about their companies prospects, risks and values than do outside investors. Then it cannot fulfill the assumption of perfect market. Based on the inadequate of MM Proposition I, Franco Modigliani and Merton H.Miller revised their theory in 1963, which is MM Proposition II. 3. Modigliani-Miller Proposition II The Modigliani-Miller Proposition II Theory (MM II) defines cost of equity is a linear function of the firms debt/equity-ratio. According to them, for any firm in a given risk class, the cost of equity is equal to the constant average cost of capital plus a premium for the financial risk, which is equal to debt/equity ratio times the spread between average cost and cost of debt. Also Modigliani and Miller (1963) recognized the importance of the existence of corporate taxes. Accordingly, they agreed that the value of the firm will increase or the cost of capital will decrease with the use of debt due to tax deductibility of interest charges. Thus, the value of corporation can be achieved by maximizing debt component in the capital structure. This theory of capital structure for the study provided an important and analytical framework. According to this approach, value of a firm is VL = VU = EBIT (1-T) / requity + TD where TD is tax savings. MM Proposition II is assuming that the tax s hield effect of each is the same, and continued in sight. Leverage firms are increased in interest expense due to reduced tax liability, has also increased the allocation to the shareholders and creditors of the cash flow. The above formula can be deduced from the company debt the more the greater the tax saving benefits, the greater the value of the company. The revised capital structure of the MM Proposition II, pointed out that the existence of tax shield in a perfect capital market conditions cannot be reached, in an imperfect financial market, the capital structure changes will affect the companys value. Therefore, the value and cost of capital of corporation with the capital structure changes in different leverage, the value of the levered firm will exceed the value of the unlevered firm. MM Proposition theory suggests that the higher the debt ratio is more favorable to corporate, but though borrowing adds an interest tax shield it may lead to costs of financial distress. Financial distress occurs when promises to creditors are broken or honored with difficulty. Financial distress may lead to bankruptcy. The trade-off theory of capital structure theory in MM based on the added risk of bankruptcy and further improves the capital structure theory, to make it more practical significance. 3.1 Trade-off Theory of capital structure According to Myers (1984), a firm that follows the trade-off theory sets a target debt to value ratio and then gradually moves towards the target. The target is determined by balancing the tax benefits of using debt against costs of financial distress that rise at an increasing rate with the use of leverage. It so predicts moderate amount of debt as optimal. But there is evidence that the most profitable firm in an industry tend to borrow the least, while their probability of entering in financial distress seems to be very low. This fact contradicts the theory because if the distress risk is low, an increase of debt has a favorable tax effect. Under the trade-off theory, high profits should mean more debt-servicing capacity and more taxable income to shield and therefore should result in a higher debt ratio. 3.2 Pecking Order Theory of capital structure The pecking order theory stems from Myers (1984) argues that adverse selection implies that retained earnings are better than debt and debt is better than equity. Firms prefer internal finance and if external finance is required, firms issue debt first and issue equity only as a last resort. The pecking order explains why the most profitable firms generally borrow less because they have low target debt ratios but they dont need outside money. As in Baskin (1989), asymmetric information affects capital structure by limiting access to outside finance. Managers know more than outside investors about the profitability and prospects of the firm. Information problems are particularly acute with common stock, announcement of stock issue can drive down the stock price. 4. Conclusion The capital structure decision is one of the most fundamental issues in corporate finance. Regardless of which kind of capital structure, to achieve one of the most optimal capital structures, the company should be mixture of equity and debt and it cannot only focus on equity or debt. Equity is a cushion and debt is a sword, debt is always cheaper than equity, partly because lenders bear less risk and partly because of the tax advantage associated with debt. In general, there are differences in the capital structures of different industries; they are having their own characteristic. The most important thing is the companys liquidity is sufficient or not. In making the decision of how to allocate the fund in which type of assets, the company has to consider and compare the different factors such as NPV, IRR and payback period. In evaluating the NPV, IRR and payback period, cash inflow is fund of the vital element. Therefore the company should know how to obtain the financing and how t o invest it. They should carefully to allocate their resources to maximize the firm value. References: Baskin, J. (1989) An empirical investigation of the pecking order hypothesis, Financial Management, Vol. 18, pp.26-35 Harris, M. and Raviv, A. (1991) The theory of Optimal capital structure, Journal of Finance, Vol. 48, pp.297-356 Merton H. Miller. (1977) Debt and Taxes, Journal of Finance, Vol. 2, pp.261-275 Modigliani, F and Miller, M.H. (1958) The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment, The American Economic Review, Vol. 48, pp.261-97 Modigliani, F. and Miller, M.H. (1963) Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: A correction, The American Economic Review, Vol. 53, pp.433-443 Myers, S.C. (1977) Determinants of corporate borrowing, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 5, pp.146-75 Myers, S.C. (1984) The capital structure puzzle, Journal of Finance, Vol. 39, pp.575-592

Computer Technology Essay -- Technology, Data Modeling

Computer technology is one of the most essential in the world of today. It has become an important tool in varieties applications. There have two main areas which based on the computer technology to accomplish in their systems, these are the data model and the data classification. In terms of The data modelling, it is a way to simplify the real system by using the abstract representation. Birta and Arbez (2007:p. 6) state that data modelling has replaced the real system by describing with a simple technical way instead of find out the results by using experiments. There is a variety of benefits why the experiment has been replaced by data modelling. It could come from a higher cost of investment, a dangerous of experiments or those experiments use a long time to test the system. The role of data model has been used in a wide range of possible areas. However, the principal application is to support the business processes of an organization, such as product manufacturing or payment of insurance and taxes. Turning to the data classification, Vellante (2009) refers to the data and information classification is that The rules and the processes to classify a large scale of information which can be manipulated and managed more efficiently following to require. In addition, the usefulness of data classification is that it can prepare an organization to get information and solves specific requirements efficiently. | Regarding the title, this issue focuses on several criteria of data modeling and data classification. Firstly, the essential criteria of data modelling involve a criterion of cost, a dangerous criterion and the criterion of non-existing system. Secondly, the data classification highlights in criterion of the classes ... ...ms the data model is an advantageous tool to replace all RFID standard and logistic process. Zacharewicz, et al. (2011:p 597) agree with Bottani1’s point by considering the data modelling and distribute simulation should be a preceding procedure to assist dimension and validation behavior before developing a real logistics and chain management systems. In this regard, a main advantage of modelling has been found in its capability to investigate the complex systems. It could be very useful to understand the practical implications of the technology. Other reasons of modelling are that due to high economic investment to comparison the RFID system with others solutions such as barcodes. Finally, it is really as economic risk if implement of RFID solutions in a real transportation or supply chain cases without knowledge the advantages and limits of this technology. Computer Technology Essay -- Technology, Data Modeling Computer technology is one of the most essential in the world of today. It has become an important tool in varieties applications. There have two main areas which based on the computer technology to accomplish in their systems, these are the data model and the data classification. In terms of The data modelling, it is a way to simplify the real system by using the abstract representation. Birta and Arbez (2007:p. 6) state that data modelling has replaced the real system by describing with a simple technical way instead of find out the results by using experiments. There is a variety of benefits why the experiment has been replaced by data modelling. It could come from a higher cost of investment, a dangerous of experiments or those experiments use a long time to test the system. The role of data model has been used in a wide range of possible areas. However, the principal application is to support the business processes of an organization, such as product manufacturing or payment of insurance and taxes. Turning to the data classification, Vellante (2009) refers to the data and information classification is that The rules and the processes to classify a large scale of information which can be manipulated and managed more efficiently following to require. In addition, the usefulness of data classification is that it can prepare an organization to get information and solves specific requirements efficiently. | Regarding the title, this issue focuses on several criteria of data modeling and data classification. Firstly, the essential criteria of data modelling involve a criterion of cost, a dangerous criterion and the criterion of non-existing system. Secondly, the data classification highlights in criterion of the classes ... ...ms the data model is an advantageous tool to replace all RFID standard and logistic process. Zacharewicz, et al. (2011:p 597) agree with Bottani1’s point by considering the data modelling and distribute simulation should be a preceding procedure to assist dimension and validation behavior before developing a real logistics and chain management systems. In this regard, a main advantage of modelling has been found in its capability to investigate the complex systems. It could be very useful to understand the practical implications of the technology. Other reasons of modelling are that due to high economic investment to comparison the RFID system with others solutions such as barcodes. Finally, it is really as economic risk if implement of RFID solutions in a real transportation or supply chain cases without knowledge the advantages and limits of this technology.

classroom management plan for grades 7-12 :: essays research papers

Classroom Management Plan for Day one of class (for grades 7-12) Classroom Procedures Entering the Classroom Students will come into the classroom quietly and in an orderly fashion without running. They will unload their backpacks as quickly and quietly as possible and begin to prepare for the day. End of Class Dismissal Students will be allowed to leave the classroom only when the teacher says so. The students will leave the classroom quietly and in an orderly fashion without running or shoving. Bell Work Bell work will be utilized every day. When each student enters the classroom and gets settled into their seat, they will pull out their â€Å"bell work† folder and begin the assignment that is written on the board under the title â€Å"bell work†. Quieting the Class When the teacher wants to quiet the class she will clap once. The first clap will be the â€Å"warning† clap that will signal to the students that it is time to settle down. The teacher will then clap twice. By the time the second clap is done, the students should be completely quiet. Taking Class Roll Roll will be taken at the beginning of each class period after the bell signaling the beginning of class has sounded. A student will be assigned to do this each week. Class Motto The class motto, â€Å"Failure is not an option†, will be posted at the top of the chalkboard and never erased. The motto will be referred to at the discretion of the teacher. Collecting Seat Work Seat work will be collected according to the configuration of the desks. The â€Å"U shaped† seating arrangement will be used in the classroom. All papers will be sent to the ends of the U and then collected there by the teacher. Turning in Work All other work that is not designated as seat work such as tests, worksheets, or essays will be turned in on the teachers desk where there will be a basket for each class period. Notes from Home Students should gives their notes from home directly to the teacher who will then read the note and place it into her file folder labeled, â€Å"notes from home† Restroom Breaks Restroom breaks will be allowed only when extreme circumstances warrant them such as vomiting, a pen bursting and creating a mess, or a note form a parent specifying that their child needs to use the restroom due to some illness. Going to Lunch Students will go to the cafeteria in a straight line, quietly, while keeping their hands to themselves.

American Health Care: Gore And Bradley One Problem Two Solutions :: essays research papers

The nation's economy has produced 9.5 million jobs in the last four years and raised wages for even the lowest-paid workers. As Americans buy more homes, cars and other consumer goods, the number buying health insurance has not budged. Now, the 44 million Americans without insurance are taking a prominent place in the national spotlight, thanks to the Democratic presidential primary. And in Vice President Al Gore and former senator Bill Bradley, the nation has a chance to sort out how far it is willing to go, if at all, toward promising health care for everyone. In proposals issued recently, both Democratic candidates have promised to cover all 11 million children who have no insurance, with taxpayers paying the entire cost for the poor. Gore and Bradley would also give substantial help to the parents of the nation's poorest children. But they split over one growing class of people: the millions of adults who are not quite poor, but who find insurance so expensive that they do not buy it.Almost 17 percent of full-time workers have no insurance, often because employers do not offer it or have shifted costs to employees. Many of the new jobs created in the current boom are at small businesses, which are less likely to offer coverage. Bradley has proposed an expansive plan that helps people further up the economic ladder and which carries an expansive price tag to match. Gore, by contrast, would spend money on the poorest and near-poor while offering only limited help to others.The question has barely been raised among the Republican presidential contenders. But it has sparked the sharpest debate yet in the Democratic campaign, and polls show that voters are likely to make it a general election issue. With surveys suggesting that no candidate can win the Democratic nomination without a strong health plan, Bradley boasts that he is proposing a big idea to attack a big problem. He has derided Gore's plan as ''definitely timid.'' The tactic has helped raise Bradley's profile among Democrats Gore, by contrast, talks freely of his plan's limitations, and his staff uses the word ''incremental'' to describe it. They say Bradley's plan is too expensive and would divert dollars from other purposes, such as shoring up Medicare.The true cost of the two plans is open to debate. Bradley says he would spend up to $650 billion over 10 years to insure as many as 39 million more people.

Analysis of Ann Patchett’s “Bel Canto

In Ann Patchett’s novel, â€Å"Bel Canto,† various themes that are dramatic or psychological in content are explored. However, arguably the most notable among them is the strange nature and irony of fate, which also encompasses several sub-themes such as the abundance of passion and love in the face of death. These themes are highlighted mostly by the relationships between the characters and the development of their personalities. In general, the strange twist of fate is best depicted by the unusual relationships formed between the characters in the novel.These ties and bonds built can arguably be described unusual due to the backdrop of the story. Basically, the entire plot revolves around a terrorist group taking hostage various celebrities, politicians, and other prominent personalities for a several months while at the same time forming unique relationships with their victims in the process at the house of the vice-president of a Latin American country. Moreover, as the novel concludes, the so-called heroes or good guys aren’t exactly the ideal benevolent people one would expect and the villains or bad guys (Gioia n.p. ). Towards the end, the lines between the terrorists and the hostages are blurred as both groups become less hostile and friendlier to each other, which further added to the strange change in fate of the characters in the story. Ironically, it was as if all the hostages and the terrorists wanted to remain inside the home of the country’s vice president where they have been holed up since the crisis began. Moreover, as mentioned above, multiple unique relationships are formed between the characters of the book.The first notable one is between Roxanne Coss, the American Soprano singer, and her fellow captive, Katsumi Hosokawa, who is also one of her big fans. Although their romance is evident in the novel, it is somehow ironic because they could not understand each other due to a language barrier. In other words, alt hough Roxanne and Katsumi were not able to communicate verbally, they shared a passion for each other which aroused in the face of death—one of the sub-themes explored in the novel.However, like all the other hostages, Roxanne and Katsumi knew the painful reality that awaits them should there captivity ends. In chapter 10 of the novel, Kastumi reflected on the possible scenarios if they are released from their captors. â€Å"He understood that these were extraordinary times, and if their old life was ever restored to them, nothing would be the same† (Patchett 298). Meaning to say, Kastumi knew that he loved Roxanne and how full his life has become but also realized that their relationship could never exist in the world outside their captivity.This is highly ironic because like the rest of the hostages, initially, the only thing that Katsumi and Roxanne wanted was to escape from their terrorist captors and get their normal lives back. But due to the deep involvement of the two with each other and due to the romantic relationship they have formed, they no longed wanted to escape but instead remain in captivity, which is one of the best examples of the strange nature of fate explored in the novel.The same applies to the relationship between Gen Watanabe, Katsumi’s translator, and Carmen, one of the young female terrorists. The two became romantically involved with each other when Gen taught Carmen how to read. They would meet inside a closet every night for Carmen’s reading lessons and where they would also make love. In other words, like Katsumi and Roxanne, the two have also accepted the fact that their hostage-terrorist relationship cannot be revealed to anyone nor could it exist in the world outside.In the tenth chapter of the novel, after learning that the government forces would soon attack and release all hostages, the author described the reaction of the two: â€Å"So Gen should have said something more, and Carmen should have listened more, but instead she kissed him, because the important thing was to forget. That kiss was like a lake, deep and clear, and they swam into it forgetting† (Patchett 302). Meaning to say, the two have accepted their fate and the fact that their relationship would be short-lived. Instead of pondering on the upcoming reality, they chose to make the most their present situation by hugging and kissing.In short, the novel vividly illustrates the strange twist of fate between among the characters in the novel. In early chapters, the characters can be divided into two groups: the hostages and the terrorists. However, as the story progresses, in a strange twist of fate, those lines that divide the two groups become blurred as the captives and the captors began enjoying each other’s company. This is exemplified not only by the relationships formed between Katsumi and Roxanne and Gen and Carmen but in other characters as well.In one scene, Ruben Iglesias, the vice preside nt of the Latin American Country and owner of the house where the hostages were held in the novel, was shown playing chess with the leader of the terrorists, General Benjamin. The vice president also implied that he was considering adopting one of the young members of the terrorists, Ishmael. Therefore, it can be surmised that hostage crisis transformed nearly all of the characters in the novel to the point where they wanted to remain holed up in the vice-president’s house forever, which is exactly the opposite of what hostages usually feel when they are held captive.Over-all, the novel greatly explored a theme in which the fate of its characters took an ironic twist that added depth and color to the over-all plot. The strange yet unique relationships formed are the best examples of the theme in which the true identities of the characters were also revealed. Works Cited Goia, Ted. â€Å"Bel Canto†. 2008. The New Canon. com 11 May 2009 < http://www. thenewcanon. com/bel _canto. html>. Patchett, Ann. Bel Canto. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.

Dr. Seuss’s -Too Many Daves Essay

The search for personal identity is said to be a lifetime endeavor. At a certain point of their lives, most people eventually recognize who they truly are. Others live all their lives in confusion or fear of confronting their real selves because these might be something they would not like. Some people search long and hard to discover their essential Self. Others grow up truthful to themselves so that they develop an identity early in their lives and thus are able to develop more fully throughout their lifetime. Some people, meanwhile—the confused and afraid—construct an image that they use to deceive others and even themselves. Identity, therefore, is an issue that normal individuals grapple with. It is not only a grown-up issue, too. Even children have to deal with understanding who and what they are. They face the issue of a more simplistic but no less relevant nature than adults do on the subject. Dr. Seuss’s children’s poetry â€Å"Too Many Daves† can be interpreted as a piece that deals with the subject of personal identity and individuality, discussing it on a level that a young child could understand and find enjoyable and interesting at the same time. The persona in the narrative verse is a disinterested third-person speaker who simply would like to tell a story that he thinks others would be interested to know. The characters in his story is Mrs. McCave and her twenty-three sons, all named Dave. Maybe Mrs. McCave thought that it would be easier to simply choose one name for all her sons rather than think of a unique one each time she bears another son. She had twenty-three of them, after all. The disadvantage of this, she finds out later on, is that when she calls one son, all twenty-three Daves would come to answer her call. Ironically, she only realizes this when all of them are grown-ups already and it has become too late to rename them. Furthermore, now that they are all grown-ups, she is now able to think of unique and creative names by which she could call each one. The most obvious and catching attribute of the poem, even before its funny story, is its lilting cadence. All lines uniformly begin with an iamb followed by three anapests. This particular pattern may have been used by Dr. Seuss not so much in consonance with the meaning of the poem but because of its musical effect. When a storyteller or anyone reading-aloud this particular story begins with the first line â€Å"Did I ever tell you? † (1), the upward inflection on the second and fourth words, he would certainly pique the interest of any child-listener. The succeeding lines proceed with a gallop-like speed and sound so that the even if the listener cannot follow the story behind the lines or is simply too young to understand, he would enjoy the rhythm of the reading—as long as the reader places the proper emphases in the proper places, of course. Most Dr. Seuss books are notable for their nonsensical words that appeal not so much for the content or subject matter of the verse but for the effect of the words on speech when the verses are read or on the ear when they are listened to. â€Å"Too Many Daves† is no exception to this Dr. Seuss trademark. The regular rhythm of the verses and the inclusion of words which are purely Dr. Seuss’s inventions and, therefore, not meant to be understood, gives the piece a tone of playfulness prompts the reader to treat the story lightheartedly. The charm of Dr. Seuss’s stories is how they allow the reader to explore beyond the common and everyday things, whether he was conscious about this or not while he was writing them. â€Å"Too Many Daves† has a story which sounds too incredible to be true, but for its young listeners or readers, children whose ability to accept the fantastic and impossible are not yet hindered by the imagination-constricting ability to rationalize which adults are unfortunate to have developed along with growing-up. Aside from the rhythm, the element of heavy musicality is also affected by the profusion of rhyme, alliteration and assonance within the twenty-four lines. The reason that the mother-character is named Mrs. McCave is so that it would rhyme with the son’s name, Dave. The entire poem is composed of couplet rhymes with a different rhyme for every couplet. Alliteration is evident in lines like â€Å"twenty-three† (2), â€Å"she wishes that when they were born†(9) and in some of the names the mother enumerates for her sons like â€Å"Stuffy† and â€Å"Stinky† (14), â€Å"Ziggy† and â€Å"Soggy Muff† (17), â€Å"Buffalo Bill† and Biffalo Buff† (18) and â€Å"Weepy Weed† (19). Assonance, meanwhile, is present in almost all lines starting with the â€Å"a† sound in â€Å"that wasn’t a smart thing† (3) to â€Å"Yoo-Hoo† (4), â€Å"come on the run† (6), and the names â€Å"Hoos-Foos† (11), â€Å"Hot-Shot† (12), â€Å"Marvin O’Gravel Balloon Face† (16), â€Å"Soggy Muff† (17), â€Å"Sneepy† and â€Å"Weepy Weed† (19), â€Å"Oliver Boliver Butt† (23) and â€Å"Zanzibar Buck-Buck McFate† (23). The enumeration of possible names that the mother wishes she has named for her sons is the most interesting aspect of the poem because of the creativity that must have gone in the writer’s mind in thinking of aurally appealing as well as thought-provoking names for the McCave boys—although Dr. Seuss might have intentionally meant to make them nonsensical and meaningless when he wrote them. The reader of â€Å"Too Many Daves† can assume, however, that the mother must have been inspired to think of these names in particular because they represent the personalities of her children, which she only sees and observes as each child grows up. Every reader can employ his own creativity as he imagines the metaphorical or literal meanings behind every name. Perhaps Bodkin Van Horn is the son who dresses sharply. Hoos-foos sounds like someone who does not take things in life seriously. Simms is the average guy who is liked by everyone. Hot-Shot is an athletic jock. Sunny Jim is the optimistic one. Shadrack is a homebody. Blinkey has something wrong with his eyes. Stuffy is always serious and uptight. Stinkey does not like to take regular baths. Putt-putt is cute but childish. Moon Face is overweight and loves to eat. Marvin O’Gravel Balloon Face is like his brother, Moon Face, but more lazy. Ziggy is nice and ordinary. Soggy Muff is untidy. Buffalo Bill always figures in a fight. Biffalo Buff is always safe and stays away from troubles. Sneepy is sickly and weak. Weepy Weed is a crybaby. Paris Garters dresses well. Harris Tweed, too. Sir Michael Carmichael Zutt thinks too highly of himself. Oliver Boliver Butt is a simpleton while Zanzibar Buck-Muck McFate hates the small town life and dreams of being an explorer or an astronaut someday. The final line of the poem summarizes the message that the speaker would like to emphasize regarding the weird situation of the McCave boys’ being singularly named: â€Å"But she didn’t do it. And now it’s too late. (24). One’s name is the first step by which the individual defines his identity. Personality would eventually emerge whatever one’s name is, but it would have helped the McCave brothers if they were given unique names by their mother, and hence unique identities in her regard of each son. By depriving them of individual names, it appears like she had liked her sons to be the same in every aspect. It could also be interpreted to mean that she does not care much about his sons as individuals with their respective identities and personalities. She just realizes too late that even if they are all her sons she could not control the nature of humans to grow differently from each other. On the other hand, however, one could argue that the mother did not name her children with various names because she does not want them to be burdened by the expectations that some names may have on their owners. For instance, if a person were named Lovely at birth, it would be unfortunate if she grows up be unattractive. Mrs. McCave would like his sons to develop their own identities and personalities and later on, decide to get a name appropriate to them. Work Cited Dr. Seuss. Too Many Daves.